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\n\t\tAu moment de partir, Mr Bensyon me donne un petit opuscule sur l\u2019histoire des Juifs en Inde.
\nJ\u2019emporte avec reconnaissance ce livret qui raconte une histoire mill\u00e9naire et fascinante.\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

\n\t

\n\t\tPar Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier Croisy<\/strong>\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
\n\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\u00c9L\u00c9MENTS SUR L\u2019HISTOIRE DES JUIFS EN INDE<\/h2>\n\t\t\t
L\u2019histoire des Juifs en Inde est tr\u00e8s ancienne, compliqu\u00e9e, fascinante. D\u2019autant plus fascinante qu\u2019elle est en partie myst\u00e9rieuse et peu document\u00e9e.<\/p>\n
Premi\u00e8re vague, les Juifs de Cochin<\/em><\/p>\n
Depuis l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9, des \u00e9changes maritimes ont exist\u00e9 entre le Proche-Orient et la c\u00f4te sud-ouest de l\u2019Inde ; ces \u00e9changes se sont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s avec les progr\u00e8s des navigateurs qui ont su exploiter les vents de mousson. Les premi\u00e8res communaut\u00e9s juives seraient ainsi arriv\u00e9es sur la c\u00f4te de Malabar \u2013 dans le Kerala actuel \u2013 apr\u00e8s la destruction du premier Temple de J\u00e9rusalem en 586 avant J.-C. Cette premi\u00e8re vague a form\u00e9 ce qu\u2019on appelle les Juifs de Cochin (Kerala), de loin la pr\u00e9sence la plus ancienne.
\nUne tradition tend \u00e0 renforcer l\u2019id\u00e9e d\u2019une pr\u00e9sence tr\u00e8s ancienne des Juifs en Inde : c\u2019est la venue de l\u2019ap\u00f4tre Saint Thomas en 52 apr\u00e8s J.-C. Selon les chr\u00e9tiens syro-malabars, Thomas serait venu en Inde parce qu\u2019il savait que des Juifs y vivaient ; il aurait d\u2019abord \u00e9vang\u00e9lis\u00e9 des communaut\u00e9s juives du Kerala avant de s\u2019engager au Tamil Nadu, o\u00f9 il serait mort en martyr \u00e0 Mylapore, aujourd\u2019hui Madras ou Chennai. L\u2019actuelle basilique Saint-Thomas de Chennai est construite sur son tombeau suppos\u00e9. Cette histoire n\u2019est pas historiquement prouv\u00e9e, mais de grands experts comme le cardinal Tisserant et de nombreux j\u00e9suites consid\u00e8rent la tradition de Thomas comme plausible. Plus tard, au XVI\u1d49 si\u00e8cle, Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier d\u00e9couvre au Kerala des chr\u00e9tiens qui se r\u00e9clamaient de \u00ab Mar Thoma \u00bb et suivaient une liturgie syriaque. Y avait-il parmi eux des descendants de Juifs convertis par Thomas ? Toujours est-il que les Juifs de Cochin, ou Juifs Malabari, forment le premier foyer juif en Inde, attest\u00e9 sur le sol indien depuis plus de mille ans.<\/p>\n
Deuxi\u00e8me vague, les Bene Israel<\/em><\/p>\n
Des Juifs originaires de Jud\u00e9e ou de Galil\u00e9e auraient fait naufrage sur la c\u00f4te du Konkan (Bombay et le Maharashtra) entre le II\u1d49 si\u00e8cle avant et le II\u1d49 si\u00e8cle apr\u00e8s notre \u00e8re. Isol\u00e9s dans les villages c\u00f4tiers du Maharashtra, ils sont devenus p\u00eacheurs ou \u00e9leveurs de cocotiers, et ont peu \u00e0 peu perdu leur pratique religieuse, la Bible et l\u2019h\u00e9breu, ne conservant que quelques bribes de foi \u2013 la notion du Shabbat, la pri\u00e8re Shema Israel et de vagues r\u00e8gles alimentaires. Les Bene Israel et les Juifs de Cochin ne se sont pas rencontr\u00e9s pendant plus d\u2019un mill\u00e9naire ! Sans doute \u00e0 cause de la distance (plus de 1 000 km), des royaumes s\u00e9par\u00e9s en conflit permanent, des langues diff\u00e9rentes. Ce n\u2019est qu\u2019au XVIII\u1d49 si\u00e8cle que des Juifs de Cochin reconnaissent les Bene Israel \u00e0 leurs pratiques r\u00e9siduelles et d\u00e9cident de les reconvertir au juda\u00efsme.<\/p>\n
Troisi\u00e8me vague, les Baghdadi<\/em><\/p>\n
Au XIX\u1d49 si\u00e8cle arrive un troisi\u00e8me groupe, les Baghdadi, venus principalement d\u2019Irak, d\u2019Iran et de Syrie. Juifs s\u00e9pharades de culture raffin\u00e9e, remarquables entrepreneurs et commer\u00e7ants, ils sont attir\u00e9s par le potentiel du Raj britannique au moment o\u00f9 l\u2019Irak Ottoman s\u2019effondre. Ils vont tr\u00e8s vite r\u00e9ussir en affaires, parfois construire de v\u00e9ritables empires comme la dynastie Sassoon, qui sera surnomm\u00e9e les \u00ab Rothschild de l\u2019Orient \u00bb. Tr\u00e8s religieux, les Baghdadi construisent de belles synagogues, fondent des \u00e9coles, des h\u00f4pitaux, des biblioth\u00e8ques. La synagogue Knesset Elyahu (l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e d\u2019\u00c9lie) est construite \u00e0 Colaba en 1884 par Jacob Elias Sassoon, petit-fils du fondateur de la dynastie Sassoon, en m\u00e9moire de son p\u00e8re Elyahu (\u00c9lie).<\/p>\n
Quatri\u00e8me vague, reflux vers Isra\u00ebl<\/em><\/p>\n
Aux XIX\u1d49 et d\u00e9but du XX\u1d49 si\u00e8cles, les trois communaut\u00e9s juives vivent plut\u00f4t paisiblement en Inde. Il n\u2019y a pas ou peu d\u2019antis\u00e9mitisme, les Juifs m\u00e8nent une vie stable et int\u00e9gr\u00e9e. Cependant, leur population ne d\u00e9passe pas 30.000 personnes au pic de leur pr\u00e9sence en 1940 (en comparaison, la petite communaut\u00e9 Parsi est cinq fois plus nombreuse). Apr\u00e8s 1948, la cr\u00e9ation de l\u2019\u00c9tat d\u2019Isra\u00ebl entra\u00eene une aliyah, une \u00e9migration massive. La population juive d\u2019Inde passe d\u2019environ 30 000 personnes \u00e0 quelque 4 000 aujourd\u2019hui, avec des communaut\u00e9s encore actives essentiellement \u00e0 Mumbai et dans le Kerala.<\/p>\n
Cinqui\u00e8me vague, acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration des affaires<\/em><\/p>\n
Plus r\u00e9cemment, l\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration des \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques entre l\u2019Inde et Isra\u00ebl a cr\u00e9\u00e9 une augmentation de flux temporaires : hommes d\u2019affaires, ing\u00e9nieurs, diplomates visitent l\u2019Inde fr\u00e9quemment, quelques rabbins les accompagnent. Et puis, chaque ann\u00e9e, de 20.000 \u00e0 30.000 jeunes Isra\u00e9liens viennent se d\u00e9tendre \u00e0 Rishikesh ou Goa apr\u00e8s leur service militaire. On ne voit pas de nouvelle progression d\u2019une communaut\u00e9 juive s\u00e9dentaire en Inde. Pour le moment.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Tags de l'article<\/h5>\n\t\t
Baghdadi<\/a><\/li>
Bene Isra\u00ebl<\/a><\/li>
Bombay<\/a><\/li>
Colaba<\/a><\/li>
David Sassoon<\/a><\/li>
galeries d\u2019art<\/a><\/li>
juifs de Cochin<\/a><\/li>
Knesset Eliahu<\/a><\/li>
synagogue<\/a><\/li><\/ul>
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A propos de l'auteur<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFran\u00e7ois-Xavier Croisy\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\tN\u00e9 en Asie o\u00f9 il a pass\u00e9 une dizaine ann\u00e9e de son enfance (Japon, Vietnam), Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier Croisy a poursuivi une carri\u00e8re d\u2019homme d\u2019affaires et de nomade entre l\u2019Europe, l\u2019Afrique et l\u2019Inde o\u00f9 il a v\u00e9cu et travaill\u00e9 une vingtaine d\u2019ann\u00e9e. Ses chroniques indiennes sont issues de voyages et rencontres faits aux quatre coins du pays entre les ann\u00e9es 2000 et 2025. Chaque lettre raconte une exp\u00e9rience personnelle touchant \u00e0 une facette de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Indienne. Les croquis et dessins qui accompagnent ces chroniques sont r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par l\u2019auteur qui est aussi peintre.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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On vous recommande<\/h5>\t\t\t
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$\"Lamayuru,$ <\/span>Soci\u00e9t\u00e9<\/span>
Voyage vers le monast\u00e8re de Lamayuru au Ladakh en moto Enfield<\/h4><\/span><\/a><\/li>
$\"Siri$ <\/span>Soci\u00e9t\u00e9<\/span>
Le Contrat de Siri Ram<\/h4><\/span><\/a><\/li>\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Une promenade dans le quartier surann\u00e9 de Colaba \u00e0 Bombay m\u2019a conduit \u00e0 la Synagogue Knesset Eliahu. Cette belle synagogue t\u00e9moigne de pans oubli\u00e9s de l\u2019histoire mill\u00e9naire des communaut\u00e9s juives en Inde. Une m\u00e9moire \u00e9mouvante, faite de migrations successives, effacements et renaissances.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1667,"featured_media":63443,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[2794,2793,1666,2787,2791,2790,2792,2789,2788],"class_list":["post-63436","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-societe","tag-baghdadi","tag-bene-israel","tag-bombay","tag-colaba","tag-david-sassoon","tag-galeries-dart","tag-juifs-de-cochin","tag-knesset-eliahu","tag-synagogue"],"yoast_head":"\nLa Synagogue de Colaba \u00e0 Bombay - Asialyst<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Une promenade dans le quartier surann\u00e9 de Colaba \u00e0 Bombay m\u2019a conduit \u00e0 la Synagogue Knesset Eliahu. Cette belle synagogue t\u00e9moigne de pans oubli\u00e9s de l\u2019histoire mill\u00e9naire des communaut\u00e9s juives en Inde. Une m\u00e9moire \u00e9mouvante, faite de migrations successives, effacements et renaissances.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/asialyst.com\/fr\/2026\/01\/23\/synagogue-colaba-bombay\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La Synagogue de Colaba \u00e0 Bombay\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Une promenade dans le quartier surann\u00e9 de Colaba \u00e0 Bombay m\u2019a conduit \u00e0 la Synagogue Knesset Eliahu. Cette belle synagogue t\u00e9moigne de pans oubli\u00e9s de l\u2019histoire mill\u00e9naire des communaut\u00e9s juives en Inde. 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A propos de l'auteur<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t