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\n\t\tL\u2019un des objectifs de la BRI est de trouver de nouveaux d\u00e9bouch\u00e9s aux entreprises chinoises de construction affect\u00e9es par le tassement des grands projets en Chine. Les donn\u00e9es de 2016 n\u2019\u00e9tant pas encore disponibles, la comparaison du montant des projets r\u00e9alis\u00e9s durant les p\u00e9riodes 2010-2012 et 2013-2015 est \u00e9loquente : curieusement, ces projets ont peu augment\u00e9 en Asie Centrale (et Russie), tandis que la hausse la plus forte a eu lieu au Proche et Moyen Orient, et plus particuli\u00e8rement en Arabie Saoudite et en Iran.\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

\n\t

\n\t\tApr\u00e8s avoir progress\u00e9 rapidement jusqu\u2019au troisi\u00e8me trimestre de 2016, les investissements chinois dans le monde sont en chute libre : soit 40 % au premier semestre 2017. D\u2019apr\u00e8s le minist\u00e8re chinois du Commerce (MofCom), cela ne concernerait pas les investissements dans les pays situ\u00e9s le long des routes (terrestres) de la soie : ils s’\u00e9levaient \u00e0 14,5 milliards de dollars en 2016 et atteindraient les 10 milliards de dollars au premier semestre 2017. Par ailleurs, les groupes chinois multiplient les acquisitions de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de logistique (de 12,9 milliards de dollars en 2016 \u00e0 32 milliards au cours des 11 premiers mois de 2017), dont les deux tiers consacr\u00e9s \u00e0 des achats le long des \u00ab\u00a0Routes de la Soie\u00a0\u00bb.\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

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\n\t\tRome ne s\u2019est pas construite en un jour et les Chinois se sont donn\u00e9s 36 ans pour construire les Nouvelles routes de la Soie. Elles doivent \u00eatre achev\u00e9es en 2049, pour le centenaire de la fondation de la R\u00e9publique Populaire de Chine. On peut n\u00e9anmoins s\u2019\u00e9tonner de la lenteur de sa mise en \u0153uvre qui tranche avec la rapidit\u00e9 traditionnelle chinoise. Parmi les explications possibles, les h\u00e9sitations des pays h\u00f4tes, \u00e0 l\u2019exception notable de l\u2019Iran qui occupe une situation centrale.\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

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L\u2019axe P\u00e9kin-T\u00e9h\u00e9ran<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
\n\t
\n\t\tEn se retirant du Partenariat transpacifique (TPP), Donald Trump a ouvert un boulevard \u00e0 la Chine en Asie. Quelques mois plus tard, en d\u00e9non\u00e7ant l\u2019accord n\u00e9goci\u00e9 par l\u2019administration Obama avec l\u2019Iran, il renforce l\u2019axe P\u00e9kin-T\u00e9h\u00e9ran. Situ\u00e9 au sud de l\u2019Asie Centrale, ce pays de 80 millions d\u2019habitants devient la pi\u00e8ce maitresse de la BRI car il offre une alternative au passage via la Russie.\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\n\t\tLes sanctions contre le r\u00e9gime de T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ont ouvert la voie aux importations chinoises. Ces derni\u00e8res ont grimp\u00e9 de 20 % en 2010 \u00e0 45 % en 2016. D\u00e9sormais, la Chine est le premier fournisseur de l\u2019Iran et le premier d\u00e9bouch\u00e9 du p\u00e9trole iranien. Les investissements chinois ont rapidement augment\u00e9 dans le p\u00e9trole et l\u2019automobile (Geely) de m\u00eame que les cr\u00e9dits : la China EximBank a financ\u00e9 26 projets (8,5 milliards de dollars) et en en ce mois de d\u00e9cembre, le groupe CITIC a ouvert une ligne de cr\u00e9dit de 10 milliards de dollars. La China Development Bank envisage, quant \u00e0 elle, un pr\u00eat de 15 milliards.\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\n\t\tL\u2019Iran a adh\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 la BRI et c’est tout sauf abstrait. La Chine finance une ligne \u00e0 grande vitesse entre T\u00e9h\u00e9ran, Qom et Ispahan, ainsi que l\u2019\u00e9lectrification de la voie ferr\u00e9e T\u00e9h\u00e9ran-Meshed qui forme le premier tron\u00e7on du chemin de fer \u00e0 grande vitesse envisag\u00e9 entre l\u2019Iran et la Chine. Utilisant le r\u00e9seau d\u00e9j\u00e0 en place en f\u00e9vrier 2016, un premier train de marchandises est arriv\u00e9 \u00e0 T\u00e9h\u00e9ran depuis Shanghai en 12 jours au lieu de 30 par la mer. En \u00e9change, l\u2019Iran a diminu\u00e9 les tarifs sur les produits chinois.\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\n\t\tMais l’axe entre les deux puissances permet de voir plus loin. L\u2019Iran est \u00e0 la porte de la Turquie : des trains pourraient donc relier Kashgar au Xinjiang chinois \u00e0 Istanbul d\u2019ici 2020. Ainsi l\u2019Iran retrouvera-t-elle sa vocation historique de carrefour entre l\u2019est et l\u2019ouest de l\u2019Eurasie. Comme le souligne King, les \u00ab\u00a0Nouvelles Routes de la Soie\u00a0\u00bb s\u2019apparentent de plus en plus \u00e0 une mondialisation \u00ab\u00a0pr\u00e9-colombienne\u00a0\u00bb.\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Tags de l'article<\/h5>\n\t\t
Asie du Nord-Est<\/a><\/li>
Chine<\/a><\/li>
Etats-Unis<\/a><\/li>
Iran<\/a><\/li>
libre-\u00e9change<\/a><\/li>
Nouvelle Route de la Soie<\/a><\/li>
Regards<\/a><\/li>
TPP<\/a><\/li><\/ul>
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A propos de l'auteur<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJean-Rapha\u00ebl Chaponni\u00e8re\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\tJean-Rapha\u00ebl Chaponni\u00e8re est membre du groupe Asie21 (Futuribles)<\/a> et chercheur associ\u00e9 \u00e0 Asia Centre. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9conomiste \u00e0 l\u2019Agence Fran\u00e7aise de D\u00e9veloppement, conseiller \u00e9conomique aupr\u00e8s de l\u2019ambassade de France en Cor\u00e9e et en Turquie, et ing\u00e9nieur de recherche au CNRS pendant 25 ans. Il a publi\u00e9 avec Marc Lautier : \"Economie de l'Asie du Sud-Est, au carrefour de la mondialisation\"<\/a> (Br\u00e9al, 2018) et \"Les \u00e9conomies \u00e9mergentes d\u2019Asie, entre Etat et march\u00e9\" (Armand Colin, 270 pages, 2014).\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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On vous recommande<\/h5>\t\t\t
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$\"Sur$ <\/span>Politique<\/span>
La \"Route de la Soie arctique\" : les plans de la Chine et de la Russie pour dominer le p\u00f4le Nord<\/h4><\/span><\/a><\/li>
$\"Le$ <\/span>Politique<\/span>
Le Laos devient un p\u00f4le g\u00e9ostrat\u00e9gique majeur des \"Nouvelles Routes de la Soie\"<\/h4><\/span><\/a><\/li>\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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A c\u00f4t\u00e9 d’une communication et d’une projection de puissance incontestables, quelles sont aujourd’hui les traductions concr\u00e8tes du projet de Xi Jinping ?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":37133,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[23,22,177,327,229,1244,194,581],"class_list":["post-37127","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economie","tag-asie-du-nord-est","tag-chine","tag-etats-unis","tag-iran","tag-libre-echange","tag-nouvelle-route-de-la-soie","tag-regards","tag-tpp"],"yoast_head":"\nNouvelles Routes de la Soie : o\u00f9 en est-on exactement ? - Asialyst<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A c\u00f4t\u00e9 d'une communication et d'une projection de puissance incontestables, quelles sont aujourd'hui les traductions concr\u00e8tes du projet de Xi Jinping ?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/asialyst.com\/fr\/2017\/12\/19\/nouvelles-routes-soie-ou-en-est-on-exactement\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nouvelles Routes de la Soie : o\u00f9 en est-on exactement ?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A c\u00f4t\u00e9 d'une communication et d'une projection de puissance incontestables, quelles sont aujourd'hui les traductions concr\u00e8tes du projet de Xi Jinping ?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/asialyst.com\/fr\/2017\/12\/19\/nouvelles-routes-soie-ou-en-est-on-exactement\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Asialyst\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Asialyst.fr\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-12-19T10:28:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-04-12T07:10:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/asialyst.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/iran-chine-train-route-soie-e1513682930698.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Jean-Rapha\u00ebl Chaponni\u00e8re\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jean-Rapha\u00ebl Chaponni\u00e8re\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/2017\\\/12\\\/19\\\/nouvelles-routes-soie-ou-en-est-on-exactement\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/2017\\\/12\\\/19\\\/nouvelles-routes-soie-ou-en-est-on-exactement\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jean-Rapha\u00ebl Chaponni\u00e8re\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/2d53b9e9da66de7203c8853133fe4aac\"},\"headline\":\"Nouvelles Routes de la Soie : o\u00f9 en est-on exactement ?\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-12-19T10:28:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-04-12T07:10:23+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/2017\\\/12\\\/19\\\/nouvelles-routes-soie-ou-en-est-on-exactement\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1252,\"commentCount\":1,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/2017\\\/12\\\/19\\\/nouvelles-routes-soie-ou-en-est-on-exactement\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/12\\\/iran-chine-train-route-soie-e1513682930698.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Asie du Nord-Est\",\"Chine\",\"Etats-Unis\",\"Iran\",\"libre-\u00e9change\",\"Nouvelle Route de la Soie\",\"Regards\",\"TPP\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Economie\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/2017\\\/12\\\/19\\\/nouvelles-routes-soie-ou-en-est-on-exactement\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/2017\\\/12\\\/19\\\/nouvelles-routes-soie-ou-en-est-on-exactement\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/2017\\\/12\\\/19\\\/nouvelles-routes-soie-ou-en-est-on-exactement\\\/\",\"name\":\"Nouvelles Routes de la Soie : o\u00f9 en est-on exactement ? 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A propos de l'auteur<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t