Le tropisme asiatique des \u00c9tats-Unis - Asialyst<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Depuis leur ind\u00e9pendance, deux si\u00e8cles de commerce ext\u00e9rieur des \u00c9tats-Unis montrent qu'ils ont eu les m\u00eames r\u00e9actions face \u00e0 l'\u00e9mergence de rivaux en Asie.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/asialyst.com\/fr\/2017\/11\/09\/tropisme-asiatique-etats-unis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le tropisme asiatique des \u00c9tats-Unis\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Depuis leur ind\u00e9pendance, deux si\u00e8cles de commerce ext\u00e9rieur des \u00c9tats-Unis montrent qu'ils ont eu les m\u00eames r\u00e9actions face \u00e0 l'\u00e9mergence de rivaux en Asie.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/asialyst.com\/fr\/2017\/11\/09\/tropisme-asiatique-etats-unis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Asialyst\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Asialyst.fr\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-11-09T07:19:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-11-09T08:27:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/asialyst.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/trump-xi-jinping-chine-usa.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"683\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Jean-Rapha\u00ebl Chaponni\u00e8re\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jean-Rapha\u00ebl Chaponni\u00e8re\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/2017\\\/11\\\/09\\\/tropisme-asiatique-etats-unis\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/2017\\\/11\\\/09\\\/tropisme-asiatique-etats-unis\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jean-Rapha\u00ebl Chaponni\u00e8re\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/2d53b9e9da66de7203c8853133fe4aac\"},\"headline\":\"Le tropisme asiatique des \u00c9tats-Unis\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-11-09T07:19:12+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-11-09T08:27:44+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/2017\\\/11\\\/09\\\/tropisme-asiatique-etats-unis\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1406,\"commentCount\":1,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/2017\\\/11\\\/09\\\/tropisme-asiatique-etats-unis\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/11\\\/chine-trump-xi-us.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Asie du Nord-Est\",\"Chine\",\"dette\",\"investissement\",\"Regards\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Economie\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/2017\\\/11\\\/09\\\/tropisme-asiatique-etats-unis\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/2017\\\/11\\\/09\\\/tropisme-asiatique-etats-unis\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/2017\\\/11\\\/09\\\/tropisme-asiatique-etats-unis\\\/\",\"name\":\"Le tropisme asiatique des \u00c9tats-Unis - 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\n\t\tEn 1944, la Chine, quant \u00e0 elle, r\u00e9alise la moiti\u00e9 de son commerce avec les \u00c9tats-Unis. A Washington, le d\u00e9partement du Commerce pr\u00e9voit qu\u2019une fois la paix revenue, le commerce ext\u00e9rieur chinois atteindra 1 milliard de dollars dont la moiti\u00e9 avec l’Am\u00e9rique faisant de la Chine son premier partenaire ! Mais la victoire de Mao sur les troupes nationalistes en 1949 vient contredire toutes ces pr\u00e9dictions. L\u2019intervention de l\u2019arm\u00e9e chinoise dans la guerre de Cor\u00e9e en 1950, combin\u00e9e au vote d\u2019un embargo sur la Chine et aux choix \u00e9conomiques du gouvernement mao\u00efste, provoquent l\u2019effondrement du commerce ext\u00e9rieur chinois et am\u00e8nent les Am\u00e9ricains \u00e0 aider le Japon \u00e0 se relever.\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

\n\t

\n\t\tApr\u00e8s la reconstruction de l\u2019apr\u00e8s-guerre et trois d\u00e9cennies de croissance, le Japon devient le premier partenaire des \u00c9tats-Unis. Les commentateurs inventent le terme de Nichebei<\/em> (Nihon<\/em> pour Japon et Bei<\/em> pour \u00c9tats-Unis) pour d\u00e9crire l\u2019imbrication des deux \u00e9conomies. Les entreprises nipponnes investissent en Am\u00e9rique et le Japon investit ses exc\u00e9dents commerciaux en bons du Tr\u00e9sor. La mont\u00e9e en puissance de l\u2019\u00e9conomie japonaise suscite un \u00ab\u00a0Japan Bashing\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> par les hommes politiques qui accusent le pays du soleil levant de d\u00e9sindustrialiser les \u00c9tats-Unis. En septembre 1985, concluant \u00e0 la sur\u00e9valuation du dollar, le G5 demande au Japon et \u00e0 l\u2019Allemagne de relancer leur demande. La r\u00e9\u00e9valuation du Yen (endaka)<\/em><\/a> am\u00e8ne les entreprises japonaises \u00e0 d\u00e9localiser vers les pays asiatiques qu\u2019elles transforment en tremplins vers le march\u00e9 am\u00e9ricain. Ce qui diminue la part du commerce nippo-am\u00e9ricain augmente celle du commerce avec le reste de l\u2019Asie.\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
\n\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t $\"Commerce$ <\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t \tCommerce des Etats-Unis avec la Chine, le Japon et le reste de l'Asie (1880-2016)\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t<\/figure>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
\n\t
\n\t\tLa reprise des \u00e9changes entre les \u00c9tats-Unis et la Chine pr\u00e9c\u00e8de la visite du pr\u00e9sident Nixon \u00e0 P\u00e9kin en 1971 et la normalisation des relations diplomatiques. Ces \u00e9changes augmentent lentement : en 1978, l’Am\u00e9rique \u00e9change encore huit fois plus avec Ta\u00efwan qu\u2019avec la Chine populaire vingt fois plus peupl\u00e9e. Il fait attendre l\u2019attribution du statut de la \u00ab\u00a0nation la plus favoris\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb en 1980 pour assister \u00e0 une pouss\u00e9e vigoureuse des exportations chinoises, qui s\u2019envolent apr\u00e8s l\u2019adh\u00e9sion de la Chine \u00e0 l\u2019OMC en 2001. La Chine investit son exc\u00e9dent en bons du Tr\u00e9sor et l\u2019imbrication des \u00e9conomies am\u00e9ricaine et chinoise am\u00e8ne \u00e0 \u00e9voquer la \u00ab\u00a0Chinamerica\u00a0\u00bb \u2013 v\u00e9ritable r\u00e9incarnation du Nichibei<\/em> ! Les Am\u00e9ricains d\u00e9noncent alors la sous-\u00e9valuation du yuan qui expliquerait la d\u00e9sindustrialisation de leur pays. Le creusement du d\u00e9ficit am\u00e9ricain avec la Chine, qui a continu\u00e9 depuis l\u2019\u00e9lection de Donald Trump, s\u2019est accompagn\u00e9 de la baisse des exc\u00e9dents japonais, cor\u00e9en et ta\u00efwanais. En d\u00e9localisant en Chine, les entreprises de ces pays ont \u00ab\u00a0transf\u00e9r\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb leurs exc\u00e9dents. Le processus continue avec le Vietnam et le Cambodge qui accueillent actuellement les entreprises chinoises et les filiales asiatiques, ce qui contribue \u00e0 la hausse de la part des \u00e9changes avec ces pays dans le commerce ext\u00e9rieur am\u00e9ricain.\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\n\t\tCe survol historique relativise les discours sur l\u2019impact de l\u2019Asie sur la d\u00e9sindustrialisation des Etats-Unis. Cette derni\u00e8re r\u00e9sulte davantage la d\u2019\u00e9volutions macro-\u00e9conomiques<\/a> (\u00e9carts de productivit\u00e9 entre secteurs) et micro-\u00e9conomiques (externalisation des activit\u00e9s de services). Par ailleurs, les cha\u00eenes globales de valeur modifient la g\u00e9ographie du commerce ext\u00e9rieur que dessinent les statistiques douani\u00e8res. Mesur\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019aune de la valeur ajout\u00e9e incluse dans les \u00e9changes, le d\u00e9ficit am\u00e9ricain avec la Chine est moins \u00e9lev\u00e9 qu’il n’y para\u00eet, tandis que le Japon d\u00e9gage un exc\u00e9dent confortable.\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Soutenez-nous !<\/h3>\n\t\t
Asialyst est con\u00e7u par une \u00e9quipe compos\u00e9e \u00e0 100 % de b\u00e9n\u00e9voles et gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau de contributeurs en Asie ou ailleurs, journalistes, experts, universitaires, consultants ou anciens diplomates... Notre seul but : partager la connaissance de l'Asie au plus large public.<\/p>\n\t\t Faire un don<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Tags de l'article<\/h5>\n\t\t
Asie du Nord-Est<\/a><\/li>
Chine<\/a><\/li>
dette<\/a><\/li>
investissement<\/a><\/li>
Regards<\/a><\/li><\/ul>
\t<\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t
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A propos de l'auteur<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJean-Rapha\u00ebl Chaponni\u00e8re\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\tJean-Rapha\u00ebl Chaponni\u00e8re est membre du groupe Asie21 (Futuribles)<\/a> et chercheur associ\u00e9 \u00e0 Asia Centre. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9conomiste \u00e0 l\u2019Agence Fran\u00e7aise de D\u00e9veloppement, conseiller \u00e9conomique aupr\u00e8s de l\u2019ambassade de France en Cor\u00e9e et en Turquie, et ing\u00e9nieur de recherche au CNRS pendant 25 ans. Il a publi\u00e9 avec Marc Lautier : \"Economie de l'Asie du Sud-Est, au carrefour de la mondialisation\"<\/a> (Br\u00e9al, 2018) et \"Les \u00e9conomies \u00e9mergentes d\u2019Asie, entre Etat et march\u00e9\" (Armand Colin, 270 pages, 2014).\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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On vous recommande<\/h5>\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
$\"De$ <\/span>Economie, Entreprises<\/span>
La Chine et ses importations dopent les pays \u00e9mergents : une embellie durable ?<\/h4><\/span><\/a><\/li>
$\"Le$ <\/span>Economie<\/span>
La Chine rach\u00e8te la voiture nationale malaisienne<\/h4><\/span><\/a><\/li>\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Depuis leur ind\u00e9pendance, deux si\u00e8cles de commerce ext\u00e9rieur des \u00c9tats-Unis montrent qu’ils ont eu les m\u00eames r\u00e9actions face \u00e0 l’\u00e9mergence de rivaux en Asie.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":35616,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[23,22,476,685,194],"class_list":["post-35608","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economie","tag-asie-du-nord-est","tag-chine","tag-dette","tag-investissement","tag-regards"],"yoast_head":"\nLe tropisme asiatique des \u00c9tats-Unis - Asialyst<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Depuis leur ind\u00e9pendance, deux si\u00e8cles de commerce ext\u00e9rieur des \u00c9tats-Unis montrent qu'ils ont eu les m\u00eames r\u00e9actions face \u00e0 l'\u00e9mergence de rivaux en Asie.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/asialyst.com\/fr\/2017\/11\/09\/tropisme-asiatique-etats-unis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le tropisme asiatique des \u00c9tats-Unis\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Depuis leur ind\u00e9pendance, deux si\u00e8cles de commerce ext\u00e9rieur des \u00c9tats-Unis montrent qu'ils ont eu les m\u00eames r\u00e9actions face \u00e0 l'\u00e9mergence de rivaux en Asie.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/asialyst.com\/fr\/2017\/11\/09\/tropisme-asiatique-etats-unis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Asialyst\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Asialyst.fr\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-11-09T07:19:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-11-09T08:27:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/asialyst.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/trump-xi-jinping-chine-usa.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"683\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Jean-Rapha\u00ebl Chaponni\u00e8re\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jean-Rapha\u00ebl Chaponni\u00e8re\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/2017\\\/11\\\/09\\\/tropisme-asiatique-etats-unis\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/2017\\\/11\\\/09\\\/tropisme-asiatique-etats-unis\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jean-Rapha\u00ebl Chaponni\u00e8re\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/2d53b9e9da66de7203c8853133fe4aac\"},\"headline\":\"Le tropisme asiatique des \u00c9tats-Unis\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-11-09T07:19:12+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-11-09T08:27:44+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/2017\\\/11\\\/09\\\/tropisme-asiatique-etats-unis\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1406,\"commentCount\":1,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/2017\\\/11\\\/09\\\/tropisme-asiatique-etats-unis\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/11\\\/chine-trump-xi-us.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Asie du Nord-Est\",\"Chine\",\"dette\",\"investissement\",\"Regards\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Economie\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/2017\\\/11\\\/09\\\/tropisme-asiatique-etats-unis\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/2017\\\/11\\\/09\\\/tropisme-asiatique-etats-unis\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/2017\\\/11\\\/09\\\/tropisme-asiatique-etats-unis\\\/\",\"name\":\"Le tropisme asiatique des \u00c9tats-Unis - 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Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9conomiste \u00e0 l\u2019Agence Fran\u00e7aise de D\u00e9veloppement, conseiller \u00e9conomique aupr\u00e8s de l\u2019ambassade de France en Cor\u00e9e et en Turquie, et ing\u00e9nieur de recherche au CNRS pendant 25 ans. 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A propos de l'auteur<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t