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\n\t\tApr\u00e8s deux ans de R\u00e9volution culturelle, Mao sent bien qu\u2019il faut remettre de l\u2019ordre et d\u00e9cide d\u2019envoyer les jeunes un peu turbulents \u00e0 la campagne. Il relance alors en 1968 un mouvement qui avait d\u00e9but\u00e9 en 1964 et nomm\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0descendre dans les campagnes, monter dans la montagne\u00a0\u00bb. On estime \u00e0 dix-sept millions le nombre de personnes qui sont all\u00e9s se frotter aux paysans. Xi Jinping en fait partie car en 1965 son p\u00e8re est limog\u00e9 par Mao et sa famille consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme contre-r\u00e9volutionnaire. Il part donc pour fuir cette ambiance tr\u00e8s pesante de la ville et se rend dans la province du Shaanxi o\u00f9 son p\u00e8re avait fait la r\u00e9volution dans l\u2019ann\u00e9e 1920-30. Il va plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment dans la r\u00e9gion de Yangjiahe \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de Yan\u2019an, l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les communistes s\u2019\u00e9taient retrouv\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019issue de la Grande Marche.\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

\n\t

\n\t\tC\u2019est un endroit qui a beaucoup marqu\u00e9 Xi Jinping – vous l\u2019appelez la \u00ab\u00a0terre jaune\u00a0\u00bb dans votre livre – et auquel il est fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 de tr\u00e8s nombreuses reprises dans les biographies officielles…<\/strong>\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
\n\t
\n\t\tLes conditions \u00e9taient effectivement tr\u00e8s difficiles et d\u2019ailleurs Xi Jinping quitte les lieux pour aller \u00e0 P\u00e9kin car il n\u2019arrive pas \u00e0 s\u2019y habituer. Il est ensuite arr\u00eat\u00e9 et sa famille r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 le convaincre d\u2019y retourner. Par la suite, il a reconstruit, mythifi\u00e9 ce passage et en a fait un texte pour en tirer un \u00ab\u00a0storytelling\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> qui le place comme \u00ab\u00a0fils de la terre jaune\u00a0\u00bb. Cela lui permet de se d\u00e9gager un peu de son c\u00f4t\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0fils de\u00a0\u00bb, affili\u00e9 \u00e0 une sorte de noblesse communiste, et de montrer ainsi qu\u2019il est proche du peuple. Xi Jinping joue beaucoup l\u00e0-dessus.\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
\n\t
\n\t\t\u00ab\u00a0Toute la question de ce 19\u00e8me Congr\u00e8s est de savoir si Xi Jinping va pouvoir int\u00e9grer son concept de \u00ab\u00a0gouvernance\u00a0\u00bb accompagn\u00e9 de son nom \u00e0 la constitution. Ce serait une premi\u00e8re depuis Deng Xiaoping !\u00a0\u00bb\t<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n
\n\t
\n\t\tLes pr\u00e9sidents chinois utilisent souvent des slogans\u2026 On se souvient de \u00ab\u00a0Un pays, deux syst\u00e8mes\u00a0\u00bb de Deng Xiaoping ou encore de \u00ab\u00a0La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 harmonieuse\u00a0\u00bb de Hu Jintao. Pour Xi Jinping, c\u2019est quoi ?<\/strong>\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\n\t\tSon slogan le plus connu, c\u2019est le concept de \u00ab\u00a0gouvernance selon Xi Jinping\u00a0\u00bb. Et toute la question durant le XIXe Congr\u00e8s, va \u00eatre de savoir s\u2019il parvient \u00e0 int\u00e9grer ce concept de \u00ab\u00a0gouvernance\u00a0\u00bb dans la constitution chinoise ainsi que son propre nom. Ce serait alors la premi\u00e8re fois depuis Deng Xiaoping qu\u2019un pr\u00e9sident chinois obtient un tel r\u00e9sultat.\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\n\t\tBeaucoup de questions encore sur cet homme tr\u00e8s puissant \u00e0 l\u2019approche du XIXe Congr\u00e8s. D\u2019abord s’agit-il, comme certains commentateurs l\u2019affirment, d\u2019un nouveau Mao ? Est-ce que Xi Jinping gouverne seul ? <\/strong>\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\n\t\tXi Jinping a une conception tr\u00e8s personnelle du pouvoir, mais il ne dirige pas seul. Et c\u2019est ce qui fait la diff\u00e9rence avec Mao d\u2019ailleurs, qui avait une vision tr\u00e8s autocentr\u00e9e du pouvoir jusqu\u2019au culte de la personnalit\u00e9. Xi Jinping correspond \u00e0 un nouveau type de dirigeants chinois. Ce n\u2019est ni Mao, ni Deng, m\u00eame s\u2019il est s\u00fbrement aussi puissant qu\u2019eux. Il a tr\u00e8s probablement aussi un probl\u00e8me de l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 au sein du parti : beaucoup consid\u00e8rent que Xi Jinping ne peut pas \u00eatre l’\u00e9gal de Mao.\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\n\t\tVous parlez de \u00ab\u00a0gouvernance\u00a0\u00bb. Xi Jinping a lanc\u00e9 une vaste campagne anticorruption qui par certains aspects s\u2019est transform\u00e9e en grand nettoyage des clans ennemis. C\u2019est aussi une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 musel\u00e9e\u2026<\/strong>\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\n\t\tAh pour moi, c\u2019est une soci\u00e9t\u00e9\u2026 disons que certains parlent d\u2019une dictature parfaite. On est \u00e0 la fois avec une concentration du pouvoir, un resserrement total du contr\u00f4le de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Tout ce que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile chinoise avait pu obtenir de libert\u00e9s sous Hu Jintao a \u00e9t\u00e9 balay\u00e9. Les avocats sont en prison. Il y a tr\u00e8s peu de possibilit\u00e9 de s\u2019exprimer hors du Parti. Et donc moi je dis : c\u2019est un anti-Gorbatchev. Il fera tout pour que le Parti communiste chinois ne subisse pas le m\u00eame sort que son grand-fr\u00e8re, \u00e0 savoir le parti communiste de l\u2019ancienne URSS.\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\n\t\tVous vous \u00eates mis dans la t\u00eate du pr\u00e9sident chinois. Que veut-il alors pour le reste du monde ?<\/strong>\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\n\t\tIl y a une version h\u00e9g\u00e9monique certaine, mais elle est cantonn\u00e9e aux zones fronti\u00e8res de la Chine. C\u2019est une h\u00e9g\u00e9monie r\u00e9gionale et non pas une volont\u00e9 h\u00e9g\u00e9monique mondiale comme les \u00c9tats-Unis dans les ann\u00e9es 1950 et 60. Il reste n\u00e9anmoins \u00e0 P\u00e9kin, la volont\u00e9 de se poser comme un acteur incontournable sur le plan mondial face \u00e0 Washington et d\u2019appara\u00eetre comme une solution pour des pays d\u2019Asie ou d\u2019Afrique, totalement oppos\u00e9s aux valeurs occidentales, aux droits de l\u2019Homme et \u00e0 la d\u00e9mocratie.\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\n\t\tXi Jinping va entamer un second mandat au terme de ce Congr\u00e8s. Est ce que le \u00ab Xiisme \u00bb existe ?<\/strong>\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\n\t\tC\u2019est un grand myst\u00e8re. Je pense que le \u00ab\u00a0Xiisme\u00a0\u00bb existe. Apr\u00e8s, c\u2019est un grand fourre-tout id\u00e9ologique o\u00f9 l\u2019on a \u00e0 la fois du marxisme \u00e0 la sauce chinoise, mais aussi une promotion de la \u00ab\u00a0belle civilisation\u00a0\u00bb chinoise, donc les valeurs du confucianisme et une bonne dose de nationalisme. Ce qu\u2019il veut, c\u2019est r\u00e9affirmer la grandeur et la puissance de la Chine. Il y a aussi une certaine vengeance par rapport aux cent ans d\u2019humiliations coloniales et une volont\u00e9 de retrouver une place parmi les tous premiers sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale.\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\n\t\tPropos recueillis par Antoine Richard, Nicolas Sridi et St\u00e9phane Lagarde<\/strong>\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSt\u00e9phane Lagarde\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSt\u00e9phane Lagarde est l'envoy\u00e9 sp\u00e9cial permanent de Radio France Internationale \u00e0 P\u00e9kin. Co-fondateur d'Asialyst, ancien correspondant en Cor\u00e9e du Sud, il est tomb\u00e9 dans la potion nord-est asiatique il y a une vingtaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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On vous recommande<\/h5>\t\t\t
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$\"Loin$ <\/span>Politique<\/span>
Chine : au 19\u00e8me Congr\u00e8s, Xi Jinping pourrait partager le pouvoir avec les fid\u00e8les de Hu Jintao<\/h4><\/span><\/a><\/li>
$\"Le$ <\/span>Politique<\/span>
Chine : qui sera au bureau politique du Parti apr\u00e8s le 19\u00e8me Congr\u00e8s ?<\/h4><\/span><\/a><\/li>\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Le journaliste Fran\u00e7ois Bougon s’est mis dans la t\u00eate de Xi Jinping, qui sera reconduit sans surprise lors du 19e Congr\u00e8s du Parti. Depuis Mao. Entretien.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":34638,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[1091,613,23,22,381,1373,609,1374,1352,485,193,33],"class_list":["post-34634","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politique","tag-19eme-congres","tag-abonnes","tag-asie-du-nord-est","tag-chine","tag-economie","tag-francois-bougon","tag-geopolitique","tag-han-fei","tag-parti-communiste-chinois","tag-politique","tag-temps-forts","tag-xi-jinping"],"yoast_head":"\nFran\u00e7ois Bougon : "Xi Jinping, l\u2019anti-Gorbatchev chinois" - Asialyst<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le journaliste Fran\u00e7ois Bougon s'est mis dans la t\u00eate de Xi Jinping, qui sera reconduit sans surprise lors du 19e Congr\u00e8s du Parti. Depuis Mao. 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A propos de l'auteur<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t