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\n\t*Pourtant Chen Yi fut ex\u00e9cut\u00e9 \u00e0 Taipei en 1950 pour avoir pr\u00e9vu de se rendre au Parti communiste chinois afin d\u2019\u00e9pargner des populations des combats en Chine.<\/div>La r\u00e9action du gouverneur Chen Yi rajouta \u00e0 la catastrophe en gestation en interpr\u00e9tant les reproches des Ta\u00efwanais comme l\u2019expression d\u2019une r\u00e9bellion naissante, alors qu\u2019ils portaient une demande pressante de justice dans la gouvernance de l\u2019\u00eele, enracin\u00e9e dans une exasp\u00e9ration g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et croissante. Par cette erreur, Chen et le pouvoir du KMT seront pour toujours li\u00e9s \u00e0 la brutale r\u00e9pression qui devait suivre une ultime bavure*.\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Le feu aux poudres<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
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\n\t*Copper, p. 45. **Shelley Rigger, Why Taiwan matters. Small island, global powerhouse<\/em> (updated edition), Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Lanham, Maryland, 2014, page 25.<\/div>Ces retrouvailles mal enclench\u00e9es entre deux peuples longtemps s\u00e9par\u00e9s se sont termin\u00e9es tragiquement. Le 27 f\u00e9vrier 1947, une Ta\u00efwanaise contrainte de vendre des cigarettes au march\u00e9 noir afin de subvenir \u00e0 ses besoins est tabass\u00e9e par des officiers de police chinois*. L’agression met le feu aux poudres. Rapidement, un groupe de t\u00e9moins proteste contre le traitement inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 la contrevenante mais l\u2019un des policiers brandit son arme et abat l\u2019un d\u2019entre eux. Le jour suivant, une foule de personnes en col\u00e8re se r\u00e9unit devant le commissariat et les policiers tirent dans le tas, blessant et tuant plusieurs personnes. Cet \u00e9pisode ouvre ce qui est d\u00e9sormais connu comme \u00ab\u00a0l\u2019Incident 228\u00a0\u00bb (er’erba shijian –<\/em> \u4e8c\u4e8c\u516b\u4e8b\u4ef6)**. Imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s, une r\u00e9volte \u00e9clate \u00e0 Taipei, puis \u00e0 Kaohsiung et dans le reste de l\u2019\u00eele. Les Ta\u00efwanais se font justice en se vengeant des Chinois, blessant et tuant plusieurs d\u2019entre eux dont beaucoup \u00e9taient innocents.\n
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\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n\tCopper, p. 45. A l\u2019image du peintre taiwanais Chen Cheng-po, assassin\u00e9 par les soldats. Copper, p. 45. Et autres tactiques militaires d\u00e9finies comme telles aujourd\u2019hui.Rigger, p. 25.<\/div>Pour les autorit\u00e9s nationalistes, cette r\u00e9volte prend des airs de v\u00e9ritable r\u00e9volution, pourquoi pas commandit\u00e9e par des agents dormants communistes. Le 8 mars 1947, des troupes chinoises envoy\u00e9es du continent d\u00e9barquent sur l\u2019\u00eele et se livrent \u00e0 une tuerie f\u00e9roce et brouillonne dans un premier temps, m\u00e9thodique ensuite. Ta\u00efwan se trouve purg\u00e9e par l\u2019assassinat exp\u00e9ditif et l\u2019emprisonnement de toute une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d\u2019intellectuels, d\u2019hommes politiques, d\u2019artistes et de personnes exer\u00e7ant des professions lib\u00e9rales. Craignant d\u2019avoir affaire \u00e0 une r\u00e9volte d\u2019inspiration communiste, le KMT utilise \u00e0 Ta\u00efwan les m\u00eames m\u00e9thodes de contre-insurrection qu\u2019il utilise sur le continent pendant la guerre civile. A la fin du mois, les massacres prennent fin, mais l\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nement laissera de douloureuses blessures dont certaines sont encore ouvertes aujourd\u2019hui.\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Une m\u00e9moire collective coup\u00e9e de la Chine<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
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\n\tCopper, p.46. Ibid.<\/em> p.45. Corcuff, op. cit.<\/em> La traduction est celle de l\u2019auteur, le texte original \u00e9tant en anglais : \u00ab\u00a0The 2\/28 Incident was in every sense a founding massacre, the birth certificate of Taiwan\u2019s independence movement, which soon developed abroad into an initial form of anti-Chinese, anti-\u00ab\u00a0Chiang Kai-shek\u2019s clique\u00a0\u00bb promoting the \u00ab\u00a0Independence of Taiwan\u00a0\u00bb from the ROC on Taiwan.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/div>Pendant les ann\u00e9es 1970 et 1980, \u00ab\u00a0er-er-ba\u00a0\u00bb (\u00ab\u00a02-2-8\u00a0\u00bb en chiffres arabes) est le cri de ralliement des mouvements d\u2019opposition ta\u00efwanais au KMT. Aujourd\u2019hui, \u00ab\u00a0l\u2019Incident 228\u00a0\u00bb a p\u00e9n\u00e9tr\u00e9 la m\u00e9moire insulaire comme un tournant clef de l\u2019histoire nationale. Pour beaucoup et depuis la prise en main ta\u00efwanaise de la R\u00e9publique de Chine \u00e0 la faveur de la d\u00e9mocratisation, il symbolise le divorce entre Ta\u00efwanais et Chinois ainsi que le ressentiment et la m\u00e9fiance entretenus \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des seconds sur l\u2019\u00eele. En 2008, St\u00e9phane Corcuff, sinologue et ta\u00efwanologue bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Taipei, parlait de l\u2019\u00e9v\u00e8nement en ces termes en 2008 : \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019Incident 2\/28 \u00e9tait \u00e0 tous points de vue un massacre fondateur, signant le certificat de naissance du mouvement ind\u00e9pendantiste ta\u00efwanais, qui se d\u00e9veloppa rapidement \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger sous la forme initiale d\u2019un sentiment anti-chinois, anti-Chiang Kai-shek et anti-KMT, faisant la promotion de \u00ab\u00a0l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de Ta\u00efwan\u00a0\u00bb contre la R\u00e9publique de Chine \u00e0 Taiwan.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\n\t*Pedroletti Brice, \u00ab\u00a0A Ta\u00efwan, la prochaine pr\u00e9sidente promet la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 sur les massacres de Tchang Ka\u00ef-chek\u00a0\u00bb, in Lemonde.fr<\/a>, 2 mars 2016. **Hsu Stacy, \u00ab\u00a0All 228 Incident documents declassified\u00a0\u00bb, in Taipei Time<\/a>s, 27 f\u00e9vrier 2017.<\/div>La pr\u00e9sidente Tsai Ing-wen a promis lors de sa campagne \u00e9lectorale que son administration commanditerait de nouvelles investigations sur la r\u00e9pression politique du KMT*. L\u2019application de cette politique de \u00ab\u00a0v\u00e9rit\u00e9 et r\u00e9conciliation\u00a0\u00bb est en \u0153uvre aujourd\u2019hui avec par exemple la mise en circulation \u00e0 l\u2019occasion de la comm\u00e9moration des 70 ans du massacre, des derniers documents classifi\u00e9s portant sur les \u00e9v\u00e8nements**. Pour sa part, le Kuomintang garde toujours de nombreuses archives qu\u2019il n\u2019a pas encore souhait\u00e9 ouvrir, ce qui implique que le parti a toujours des comptes \u00e0 rendre.\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\n\tLa derni\u00e8re tentative date de cette ann\u00e9e, annon\u00e7ant des comm\u00e9morations de \u00ab\u00a0l\u2019Incident 2\/28\u00a0\u00bb en Chine – lire : J. Michael Cole, \u00ab\u00a0China to \u00ab\u00a0commemorate\u00a0\u00bb Taiwan\u2019s 228 massacre\u00a0\u00bb, in Taiwan Sentinel<\/em>,<\/a> 9 f\u00e9vrier 2017.<\/div>Le d\u00e9bat autour des crimes du KMT n\u2019est ouvert que depuis quelques d\u00e9cennies, \u00e0 la faveur de la d\u00e9mocratisation et du besoin exprim\u00e9 par les Ta\u00efwanais d\u2019explorer leur histoire. Tous ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont form\u00e9 une m\u00e9moire collective insulaire nourrissant une v\u00e9ritable et unique histoire de Ta\u00efwan, malgr\u00e9 les tentatives maladroites de la R\u00e9publique Populaire de Chine de s\u2019en emparer afin de fabriquer une version de l\u2019histoire ta\u00efwanaise unifi\u00e9e \u00e0 celle de la Chine. \n
On peut dire aujourd\u2019hui que la fa\u00e7on avec laquelle les nationalistes chinois ont g\u00e9r\u00e9 la prise de contr\u00f4le de Ta\u00efwan a largement particip\u00e9 \u00e0 renforcer le sentiment national sur l\u2019\u00eele en provoquant une forte adversit\u00e9 entre Ta\u00efwanais et Chinois. En somme, le pouvoir exerc\u00e9 par les Chinois de la ROC sur Ta\u00efwan a activement \u0153uvr\u00e9 \u00e0 la perte d\u2019identification des Ta\u00efwanais envers la Chine.\t<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\n\tCorcuff, p.4. Ibid. Par la deuxi\u00e8me vague d\u2019immigrants chinois de 1945 \u00e0 1950, connus comme les \u00ab\u00a0continentaux\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 Ta\u00efwan.<\/em><\/div>Pendant la dictature du KMT, de nombreux intellectuels ta\u00efwanais en exil conclurent que l’\u00eele \u00e9tait de nouveau colonis\u00e9, cette fois par des Chinois, et de fa\u00e7on bien pire qu\u2019elle ne l\u2019avait \u00e9t\u00e9 par les Japonais. Par ailleurs, ils consid\u00e9r\u00e8rent l\u2019identit\u00e9 ta\u00efwanaise comme ayant d\u2019ores et d\u00e9j\u00e0 mut\u00e9 en un ensemble diff\u00e9rent de la culture chinoise. Si cela reste un point de vue, c\u2019est s\u00fbrement celui qui a le vent en poupe \u00e0 Ta\u00efwan depuis maintenant deux d\u00e9cennies. Bien s\u00fbr, il serait difficile de bl\u00e2mer le Parti communiste chinois ou la Chine Populaire pour la gestion catastrophique de la prise de contr\u00f4le de Ta\u00efwan par le KMT. N\u00e9anmoins, l\u2019id\u00e9e que l’\u00eele et le Continent ne font qu\u2019un a beaucoup souffert de la nature ethnique des affrontements de 1947 et par la suite, lors de la s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation entretenue par le KMT pendant la Terreur Blanche.\n
Le fait m\u00eame que la m\u00e9moire de tels \u00e9v\u00e9nements ait refait surface avec la d\u00e9mocratisation aurait d\u2019ailleurs d\u00fb alerter P\u00e9kin. Le PCC devrait prendre bonne note que menacer les Ta\u00efwanais de tensions militaires ou de repr\u00e9sailles \u00e9conomiques pour leurs choix d\u00e9mocratiques n\u2019engendrera que leur \u00e9loignement. Il r\u00e9veillera chez les Ta\u00efwanais les douleurs datant des agissements peu avouables d\u2019un pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent pouvoir chinois, tout aussi autoritaire et imperm\u00e9able aux souhaits des insulaires.\t<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\n\t\tPar La R\u00e9daction<\/strong>\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\n\t\tCet article est une adaptation de la version originellement publi\u00e9e dans le magazine en ligne Taiwan Sentinel<\/em><\/a>. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 traduit de l\u2019anglais par son auteur, qui remercie Didier Lesaffre et Nassim Elouarzadi pour leur relecture s\u00e9rieuse et m\u00e9thodique.<\/em>\n
Note (1) : il s\u2019agit ici de la traduction par l’auteur de <\/em>\u00ab\u00a0Dogs go, Pigs come\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>, une expression ta\u00efwanaise utile pour \u00e9clairer la col\u00e8re que les Ta\u00efwanais entretenaient \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des Chinois. Elle visait \u00e0 l\u2019origine \u00e0 \u00e9tablir un lien de descendance entre les pouvoirs japonais et chinois sur Ta\u00efwan, per\u00e7us tous deux comme pr\u00e9dateurs. Source: Goldstein, p.14.\t<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Le massacre du 28 f\u00e9vrier 1947 par les soldats de Chiang Kai-shek est \u00e0 l’origine du mouvement ind\u00e9pendantiste \u00e0 Ta\u00efwan. Retour sur l’histoire.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":28247,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[63],"tags":[23,1102,22,194,21,1103],"class_list":["post-28204","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-histoire","tag-asie-du-nord-est","tag-chiang-kai-shek","tag-chine","tag-regards","tag-taiwan","tag-terreur-blanche"],"yoast_head":"\nTa\u00efwan : le massacre du 28 f\u00e9vrier ou la naissance d'une nation ? - Asialyst<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le massacre du 28 f\u00e9vrier 1947 par les soldats de Chiang Kai-shek est \u00e0 l'origine du mouvement ind\u00e9pendantiste \u00e0 Ta\u00efwan. 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A propos de l'auteur<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t