Laos : quand l\u2019aide internationale nourrit la r\u00e9pression - Asialyst<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/asialyst.com\/fr\/2016\/03\/22\/laos-quand-l-aide-internationale-nourrit-la-repression\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Laos : quand l\u2019aide internationale nourrit la r\u00e9pression - Asialyst\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Entretien avec Anne-Sophie Gindroz, ancienne ONGiste expuls\u00e9e du Laos en 2013 et auteur du livre "Au Laos, la r\u00e9pression silencieuse".\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/asialyst.com\/fr\/2016\/03\/22\/laos-quand-l-aide-internationale-nourrit-la-repression\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Asialyst\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Asialyst.fr\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"StephaneLagarde\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-03-22T15:33:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2016-03-22T17:12:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/asialyst.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/LAOS-BARRAGE-PROTESTATIONS.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"636\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"St\u00e9phane Lagarde\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"St\u00e9phane Lagarde\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/2016\\\/03\\\/22\\\/laos-quand-l-aide-internationale-nourrit-la-repression\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/2016\\\/03\\\/22\\\/laos-quand-l-aide-internationale-nourrit-la-repression\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"St\u00e9phane Lagarde\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/9b36206843005ec4588b2cff419bc6b2\"},\"headline\":\"Laos : quand l\u2019aide internationale nourrit la r\u00e9pression\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-03-22T15:33:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2016-03-22T17:12:53+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/2016\\\/03\\\/22\\\/laos-quand-l-aide-internationale-nourrit-la-repression\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1731,\"commentCount\":2,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/2016\\\/03\\\/22\\\/laos-quand-l-aide-internationale-nourrit-la-repression\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/03\\\/LAOS-BARRAGE-PROTESTATIONS.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Abonn\u00e9s\",\"Asie du Sud-Est\",\"Droits de l'homme\",\"Laos\",\"r\u00e9pression\",\"temps forts\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Politique\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/2016\\\/03\\\/22\\\/laos-quand-l-aide-internationale-nourrit-la-repression\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/2016\\\/03\\\/22\\\/laos-quand-l-aide-internationale-nourrit-la-repression\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/asialyst.com\\\/fr\\\/2016\\\/03\\\/22\\\/laos-quand-l-aide-internationale-nourrit-la-repression\\\/\",\"name\":\"Laos : quand l\u2019aide internationale nourrit la r\u00e9pression - 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\n\t\tVous travaillez alors pour une Organisation non gouvernementale suisse, quelles sont vos missions ?<\/strong>\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
\n\t
\n\t\tJ’\u00e9tais au service d’une organisation suisse, une organisation non gouvernementale qui faisait de la coop\u00e9ration au d\u00e9veloppement et qui travaillait surtout en milieu rural. Il s’agissait de projets de promotion de l’agriculture biologique, d’acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l’eau, d’\u00e9ducation. C’\u00e9tait assez diversifi\u00e9, mais principalement en milieu rural. \t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
\n\t
\n\t\tComment vous percevez ce que vous appelez la \u00ab\u00a0r\u00e9pression silencieuse\u00a0\u00bb ?<\/strong>\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
\n\t
\n\t\tCela a commenc\u00e9 par des exp\u00e9riences tr\u00e8s concr\u00e8tes \u00e0 travers les activit\u00e9s, les projets qu’on menait. Alors que nous faisions la promotion de l’agriculture biologique, tout \u00e0 coup, les organisations de producteurs avec lesquelles nous travaillions ont perdu leurs terres, \u00e0 cause de projets d’investissements, de plantations industrielles qui se sont accapar\u00e9 leurs terres. Sur le moment, je me suis int\u00e9ress\u00e9e au syst\u00e8me l\u00e9gal qui \u00e9tait en place pour voir comment on pouvait s’assurer que ces personnes, si elles perdaient leurs terres, pourraient avoir des compensations \u00e9quitables et si elles seraient en mesure de continuer leur activit\u00e9. Et puis tr\u00e8s rapidement, je me suis suis rendue compte que les gens n’osaient m\u00eame pas r\u00e9clamer leurs droits, les faire valoir. Il y avait un sentiment de crainte.\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
\n\t
\n\t\tVous \u00e9voquez notamment le sort des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s et ces grands projets de barrages sur le M\u00e9kong\u2026<\/strong>\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
\n\t
\n\t\tLes probl\u00e8mes d’accaparement des terres ont des incidences sur la population parce que ce sont des communaut\u00e9s rurales qui d\u00e9pendent d’une agriculture de subsistance, et que sans terre, on les prive d’un moyen de survie. A cela s’ajoute des probl\u00e8mes de contamination : dans certains villages o\u00f9 nous travaillions, soudainement, une exploitation s’installait pour extraire de l’or et rejetait du cyanure dans la rivi\u00e8re, dont d\u00e9pendaient les villageois pour leur eau potable et leurs besoins domestiques.\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
\n\t
\n\t\tLe Laos entend, d\u00eetes-vous, devenir la \u00ab batterie \u00bb du Sud-Est asiatique en exportant de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 dans toute la r\u00e9gion…<\/strong>\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
\n\t
\n\t\tC’est une expression que le r\u00e9gime laotien utilise. L’objectif est de produire de l’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 par la construction des barrages sur le M\u00e9kong. Il faut dire que 90 % de l\u2019\u00e9nergie produite est export\u00e9e essentiellement en Tha\u00eflande. Or il y a des cons\u00e9quences sur les populations proches du barrage, parce que lorsqu’on construit un barrage, il y a un r\u00e9servoir, des zones qui sont inond\u00e9es et \u00e0 vrai dire, des villages entiers qui sont inond\u00e9s. Mais vous avez aussi toutes les incidences sur les villages construits en aval, puisqu’un barrage modifie compl\u00e8tement l’\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me de la rivi\u00e8re. Des esp\u00e8ces de poissons disparaissent. \n
En outre, il y a tout ce qui concerne les s\u00e9diments : au Laos, les populations qui cultivent des potagers de berges b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient justement des s\u00e9diments naturels. Les crues vont permettre \u00e0 ces populations d’avoir les r\u00e9coltes de riz. A partir du moment o\u00f9 il y a un barrage, de grands bouleversements se produisent, qui ont des incidences sur beaucoup de monde parce qu’il s’agit de populations qui habitent en aval, y compris jusqu’au Vietnam, l\u00e0 o\u00f9 le M\u00e9kong se termine.\t<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
\n\t
\n\t\tDans votre livre une figure revient souvent, un combattant des Libert\u00e9s. Son nom : Sombath Somphone…<\/strong>\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
\n\t
\n\t\tSombath Somphone est une personnalit\u00e9 tr\u00e8s respect\u00e9e de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile au Laos. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 le premier \u00e0 mettre en place une structure non gouvernementale : un centre de formation qui existe toujours. Sombath, c’est d’abord un \u00e9ducateur qui s’est beaucoup investi aupr\u00e8s des jeunes en milieu rural pour les \u00ab\u00a0conscientiser\u00a0\u00bb sur l’importance de l’environnement et sur le d\u00e9veloppement durable. \n
Sombath a eu un r\u00f4le important \u00e0 jouer lorsqu’on a organis\u00e9 le Forum des Peuples Asie-Europe en Octobre 2012 : il a co-pr\u00e9sid\u00e9 ce forum, qui \u00e9tait le premier grand rassemblement de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile au Laos. Depuis, il n’y en a pas eu d’autre, d’ailleurs. Avant la tenue de cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement, il avait ouvert des espaces de dialogue dans les diff\u00e9rentes provinces, o\u00f9 il invitait la population \u00e0 venir s’exprimer. Bien s\u00fbr, on ne d\u00e9battait pas de questions politiques. Mais c’\u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 la possibilit\u00e9 donn\u00e9e au gens de dire ce qui vous rend heureux et ce qui est source de souffrance. Donc c’\u00e9tait aussi une fa\u00e7on un peu d\u00e9tourn\u00e9e d’aborder les grands th\u00e8mes du d\u00e9veloppement. Sombath disait toujours que le d\u00e9veloppement ne peut pas se r\u00e9duire \u00e0 la croissance \u00e9conomique, mais qu’il doit se traduire aussi dans le bien-\u00eatre de la population.\t<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\n\t\tC\u2019est un combat que vous avez repris \u00e0 votre compte, en essayant de formuler une nouvelle approche de la croissance \u00e9conomique. Vous avez d\u2019ailleurs \u00e9crit une lettre \u00e0 des grandes agences d\u2019aides humanitaires, une lettre qui a d\u00e9plu aux autorit\u00e9s…<\/strong>\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\n\t\tLe d\u00e9veloppement, c’est complexe et il faut \u00eatre \u00e0 l’\u00e9coute des communaut\u00e9s locales qui connaissent le mieux leur environnement. Quand on travaille dans cette approche, il faut essayer de favoriser l’acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l’information, essayer d’ouvrir des espaces o\u00f9 l’on peut d\u00e9battre. Cela devient compliqu\u00e9 dans un pays o\u00f9 vous n’avez pas la libert\u00e9 d’expression. Les m\u00e9dias sont sous un contr\u00f4le absolu. Il n’y a pas de possibilit\u00e9 de manifester dans la rue. Et \u00e9norm\u00e9ment de restrictions sont impos\u00e9es aux associations, aux organisations locales. Et donc cette lettre, c’\u00e9tait une d\u00e9marche personnelle que j’avais adress\u00e9e \u00e0 un certain nombre d’agences d’aide qui travaillent au Laos pour leur demander de ne pas sous-estimer ce contexte, toutes ces restrictions aux droits fondamentaux et qui constituent autant d’obstacles \u00e0 un d\u00e9veloppement durable et juste.\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\n\t\tLe 9 d\u00e9cembre 2012, vous arrivez \u00e0 votre bureau \u00e0 Vientiane. Une convocation du minist\u00e8re laotien des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res vous attend. Vous allez \u00eatre expuls\u00e9e en moins de 48 heures…<\/strong>\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\n\t\tJe savais que j’\u00e9tais sur une liste noire depuis un moment. Je savais que j’\u00e9tais expos\u00e9e parce que j’\u00e9tais assez visible. Mais je ne pensais pas vraiment qu’une expulsion\u2026 On \u00e9tait plusieurs \u00e0 penser que c’\u00e9tait une mesure du pass\u00e9 et que cela ne se produirait plus dans le Laos d’aujourd’hui. Quand j’ai \u00e9t\u00e9 convoqu\u00e9e, il se trouve que j’avais aussi demand\u00e9 une r\u00e9union avec le minist\u00e8re des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, donc je ne me suis dout\u00e9e de rien. Et quand je suis arriv\u00e9e, on m’a signifi\u00e9 qu’il y avait des accusations qui pesaient contre moi. J’\u00e9tais accus\u00e9e de mener des campagnes \u00ab\u00a0anti-gouvernementales\u00a0\u00bb. Cette lettre que j’avais envoy\u00e9e \u00e9tait en fait le pr\u00e9texte \u00e0 cette expulsion. Donc on m’a dit que ma pr\u00e9sence n’\u00e9tait plus jug\u00e9e n\u00e9cessaire et que j’avais 48 heures pour quitter le pays.\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\n\t\tC\u2019est un livre noir sur ce r\u00e9gime qui \u00e9touffe la moindre aspiration \u00e0 plus de libert\u00e9s. En m\u00eame temps c\u2019est aussi un hommage au peuple Laotien, \u00e0 son \u00e9nergie et \u00e0 sa cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9…<\/strong>\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\n\t\tCe livre est aussi un hommage rendu \u00e0 Sombath, mais aussi \u00e0 tous ces Laotiens et ces Laotiennes avec qui j’ai eu le privil\u00e8ge de travailler pendant plus de trois ans. Ce sont des gens justement qui continuent, dans les petits espaces disponibles, d’oeuvrer pour plus de justice et pour le respect de droits fondamentaux. C’est justement pour ces gens-l\u00e0 que je t\u00e9moigne parce qu’ils m\u00e9ritent mieux que le silence.\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\n\t\tPropos recueillis par St\u00e9phane Lagarde<\/strong>\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Tags de l'article<\/h5>\n\t\t
Abonn\u00e9s<\/a><\/li>
Asie du Sud-Est<\/a><\/li>
Droits de l'homme<\/a><\/li>
Laos<\/a><\/li>
r\u00e9pression<\/a><\/li>
temps forts<\/a><\/li><\/ul>
\t<\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t
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A propos de l'auteur<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSt\u00e9phane Lagarde\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSt\u00e9phane Lagarde est l'envoy\u00e9 sp\u00e9cial permanent de Radio France Internationale \u00e0 P\u00e9kin. Co-fondateur d'Asialyst, ancien correspondant en Cor\u00e9e du Sud, il est tomb\u00e9 dans la potion nord-est asiatique il y a une vingtaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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On vous recommande<\/h5>\t\t\t
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$\"\"$ <\/span>Politique<\/span>
Laos : des martyrs tr\u00e8s politiques<\/h4><\/span><\/a><\/li>
$\"Des$ <\/span>Economie<\/span>
Les touristes chinois<\/h4><\/span><\/a><\/li>\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Entretien avec Anne-Sophie Gindroz, ancienne ONGiste expuls\u00e9e du Laos en 2013 et auteur du livre \u00ab\u00a0Au Laos, la r\u00e9pression silencieuse\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":10766,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[613,14,592,251,637,193],"class_list":["post-10764","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politique","tag-abonnes","tag-asie-du-sud-est","tag-droits-de-lhomme","tag-laos","tag-repression","tag-temps-forts"],"yoast_head":"\nLaos : quand l\u2019aide internationale nourrit la r\u00e9pression - Asialyst<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/asialyst.com\/fr\/2016\/03\/22\/laos-quand-l-aide-internationale-nourrit-la-repression\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Laos : quand l\u2019aide internationale nourrit la r\u00e9pression - 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A propos de l'auteur<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t